Pipe WPS Document

Pipe WPS Example — GMAW-S 45° Fixed Position

This WPS covers GMAW-S (short-circuit transfer MIG) on 4" Schedule 40 A106 Gr B carbon steel pipe in the 45° inclined fixed position. Short-circuit GMAW is commonly used for utility and process piping where GTAW root quality is not required. The procedure specifies ER70S-6 filler with a 75/25 Ar/CO2 gas mix and pulsed parameters for the fill and cap passes to improve bead profile on the overhead quadrant. IronKit generated this WPS for a mechanical contractor who needed a single procedure for all routine carbon steel pipe work. The key detail is the short-circuit root with pulsed spray fill — a two-mode approach that many shops use but rarely document properly.
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Weld Procedure Specification — Generated by IronKit
WPS No.
WPS-GMAW-PIPE-005
Rev
A
Date
2026-05-14
Code
ASME Section IX (2023)
PQR Ref
PQR-GMAW-P1-5G-001

Base Metal

SpecificationASTM A106 Gr B
P-NumberP-1 Group 1
Pipe Size4" Sch 40 (0.237" wall)
Thickness Range0.118" to 0.474" (2t qualified)

Filler Metal

AWS ClassificationER70S-6 (AWS A5.18)
Wire Diameter0.035"
F-NumberF-6
A-NumberA-1

Shielding Gas

Composition75% Argon / 25% CO2
Flow Rate30–40 CFH

Joint Design

TypeSingle-V groove, CJP
Bevel Angle30° each side (60° included)
Root Opening3/32" to 1/8"
Root Face1/16"
BackingConsumable insert (ER70S-6 ring) or open root

Position

Qualified6GR (45° inclined, fixed, with restriction ring)
Qualifies ForAll positions per QW-461.9

Preheat & Interpass

Preheat Minimum50°F (A106 Gr B ≤ 1/2")
Interpass Maximum600°F

Electrical Parameters

Current/PolarityDCEP
Root Pass (short-circuit)120–160 A, 17–20 V
Fill/Cap (pulsed spray)160–220 A, 22–28 V, pulse freq 60–120 Hz
Wire Feed Speed200–350 ipm

Technique

RootShort-circuit transfer, stringer bead, maintain keyhole
FillPulsed spray transfer, stringer beads
CapPulsed spray, slight weave (max 3× wire diameter)
CleaningWire brush between passes

PWHT

Post-Weld Heat TreatmentNot required for P-1 ≤ 1/2" wall

Frequently Asked Questions

What is GMAW-S (short-circuit MIG)?
GMAW-S uses low voltage and wire feed speed to create a short-circuit transfer mode — the wire touches the puddle and shorts out repeatedly, depositing small amounts of metal with each short. It produces low heat input, making it ideal for root passes on thin-wall pipe where burn-through is a risk.
Why switch from short-circuit to pulsed spray for fill passes?
Short-circuit has limited deposition rate and penetration. Pulsed spray delivers higher heat input and faster fill rates while maintaining good bead profile. The combination gives the best of both — a clean root with fast fill.
Does this WPS work for 6" pipe too?
The qualified thickness range (0.118" to 0.474") does not cover 6" Sch 40 (0.280" wall — it does fit). For 6" Sch 80 or heavier, a separate qualification may be needed depending on the specific thickness.

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